Issue 2: July-Dec. 2023

Leule M. Hailemariam, Denamo A. Nuramo

Abstract: The primary aim of delivering bridge infrastructure is to provide a link between two distinct objects that are separated by different obstacles. Bridges, although, are more than just a means of connecting in regard to identifying and solving the problem, and it is not just the physical barrier that is relevant. The urban world is a complicated and complex system that cannot be solved by thinking in terms of problems and solutions linearly but rather as a multifaceted system that needs integration, collaboration, problem formulation, and interpretation. The design process necessitates a collective approach from professionals for urban mobility, accessibility, and aesthetics to be fully integrated into product creation. The current practice of bridge design lacks theoretical multicriteria frameworks for a clear and sound decision. The provision of sustainable bridge infrastructure for improved connectivity and convenient urban mobility for people, goods, and services necessitates comprehensive frameworks in urban infrastructure construction work. Sustainable urban bridge provision cannot be accomplished by focusing solely on a few conceptual parameters; rather, it necessitates an integrated view of multiple concepts. Thus, the research identifies multiple attributes for attaining sustainable urban bridges. Using the principal component analysis, five main parameters were identified as being essential for the development of the multicriteria framework. The design problems and objectives that must be addressed to satisfy critical requirements at various design stages are clearly laid out in the framework.

International Journal of Bridge Engineering, Vol. 11, No. 2, 2023: pp. 1-30

Osama Mohammed Elmardi Suleiman Khayal

Abstract:Composite materials have been utilized to solve technological problems for a long time but only in the 1960s did these materials start capturing the attention of industries with the introduction of polymeric-based composites. Since then, composite materials have become common engineering materials and are designed and manufactured for various applications including bridge engineering components, automotive components, sporting goods, aerospace parts, consumer goods, and in the marine and oil industries. The growth in composite usage also came about because of increased awareness regarding product performance and increased competition in the global market for lightweight components. Among all materials, composite materials have the potential to replace widely used steel and aluminum, and many times with better performance. Replacing steel components with composite components can save 60 to 80% in component weight, and 20 to 50% weight by replacing aluminum parts.

International Journal of Bridge Engineering, Vol. 11, No. 2, 2023: pp. 65-91

Nazim Abdul Nariman, Gajendra Kumar Nhaichaniya, Nma Dana Bahaulddin3

Abstract: The construction of response surface model which represents the behavior of the pre-stressed bridge girder is the objective of this paper. Five parameters which belong to the mechanical properties of both concrete and steel bars in addition to the pre-stressing magnitude would be deployed. The Latin Hypercube sampling method is being utilized to build 25 models for the numerical simulations using ABAQUS program. MATLAB code with the support of least square method are used to determine the response surface model for the yielding strength of the pre-stressed bridge girder. The response surface model will undergo reliability chech by the adoption of coefficient of determination analysis. The results of the regression coefficients manifested a great representation of the behavior of the bridge girder behavior under both static and dynamic loadings. The coefficient of determination for the response surface model was R2=1 which means that the response prediction through the response surface model is totally illustrating the actual behavior of the structural member. The numerical simulations are highly confirming the yielding strain situation in parallel with the results of the response surface model. The results can be further processed to control the design of the pre-stressed bridge girder by the employment of optimization methods.

International Journal of Bridge Engineering, Vol. 11, No. 2, 2023: pp. 53-64

Haitham Abd-Elrahman Mansoor Taha, Osama Mohammed Elmardi Suleiman Khayal

Abstract: In this review research, the air capacity of four stroke deck's engine is investigated and studied thoroughly from the considerations of Introduction; effect of residual-gas temperature; effect of operating conditions on volumetric efficiency which constitutes the following: Effect of engine size, engines with similar cylinders, effect of the pressure ratio {P_e/P_i }, effect of fuel injection on volumetric efficiency, effect of design on volumetric efficiency which in turn includes (i.e. effect of design on {∆T}); effect of valve overlap; inlet system design; important general relations; multi cylinder inlet systems; effect of exhaust pipe length; effect of heat transfer; effect of camshaft on volumetric efficiency which includes the following: Camshaft profile, the effect of lift camshaft, duration, lobe separation, overlap and profile; effect of atmospheric conditions on performance from the following considerations: Effect of changes in atmospheric temperature, and effect of inlet temperature; effect of coolant temperature; intake and exhaust system heat transfer; the study of the influence of valve profile from the following points of view: Types of valves, poppet valves, inlet valve flow capacity and exhaust valve flow capacity; the study of the effect of valve or port timing on engine performance from the viewpoints of the impact of valve events upon engine performance and emission, the parameters or variable quantities; effects of valve overlap; Valve peak lift; industry trends; Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) systems; variable valve timing; phase changing systems; profile switching systems; variable event timing systems; variable lift systems; and electro-magnetic valve actuation systems.

International Journal of Bridge Engineering, Vol. 11, No. 2, 2023: pp. 31-52